The Participle - पार्टीसिपल
(पूर्व कालिक क्रिया)

Participles are used to define the forms of the verbs for the continuous and perfect tenses. They are also used to qualify nouns or pronouns.
पार्टिसिपल से क्रिया के continuous और perfect रूप बनाये जाते हैं. इनका उप्योग noun और pronoun के वर्णन के लिये भी किया जाता है.

The form of verb that has the characteristics of both a verb and an adjective is known as a participle.
पार्टिसिपल (participle) क्रिया का वह रूप जिसमें क्रिया (verb) और विशेषण (adjective) दोनों का ही स्वभाव मौजूद हो. इसी लिये इसे Verbal Adjective भी कहते हैं.

When a participle is used as a verb, it is accompanied with an auxiliary verb. The participle may be in continuous form or the perfect form, and only when considered together with the auxiliary word, one can decide the tense it is being used in.
जब भी participle का क्रिया की तरह उपयोग किया जाता है उस के साथ auxiliary verb भी होता है. Participle का रूप अपूर्ण (continuous) या पूर्ण (perfect) हो सकता है और इसके काल का आंकलन करने के लिये इसे auxiliary के साथ मिला कर देखा जाता है.

for eg.

Sheila is going home.

Here the form of go (going) used also plays the roll of adjective for the noun home, while its use along with is denotes a present continuous tense.

Kiran will be going home tomorrow.

Here also a continuous participle of go (going) is used with will be and this denotes an action in the future continuous tense.


Based on the tense being used in the sentence, the participles have two forms... Present Participle and Past Participle.
वाक्य में प्रयुक्त काल के आधार पर participle के दो रूप होते हैं... present participle और past participle.

Present Participle
Present Participle is the form of the participle that indicates that the action in going on, or is incomplete or is imperfect. It is used in the present continuous, past continuous and future continuous forms of the tenses.
Present Participle, participle का वह रूप है जिससे पता चलता है कि कार्य हो रहा है या अपूर्ण है. इस रूप का उपयोग क्रियाओं के अपूर्ण वर्तमान, अपूर्ण भूत और अपूर्ण भविष्य कालों में किया जाता है.

for eg.
Sheila is going home.
The girl was carrying a basket of flowers.

The forms going and carrying both indicate incomplete actions. The tense in the first sentence is present continuous, while in the second is past continuous.


Past Participle
Past Participle is the form of the participle that indicates that the action is completed. This is used in the perfect forms of the present, past and future tenses.
Past participle, participle का वह है रूप जिससे यह पता चलता है कि क्रिया में दिखाया जा रहा वह पूर्ण हो गया है. participle के इस रूप का उपयोग क्रिया के पूर्ण वर्तमान, पूर्ण भूत और पूर्ण भविष्य कालों में किया जाता है.

for eg.
Sheila has gone home.
The girl had carried a basket of flowers.
The forms gone and carried both completed actions. The tense in the first sentence is present perfect, while in the second is past perfect.


Participle Adjective
Participle Adjective is the form of the verb that is used as an adjective of quality.
Participle Adjectives को गुणवाचक विशेषण की तरह किया जाता है.

for eg.
The lying witness was punished by the judge.
The winning team received many prizes.

The forms lying and winning both add a description to the nouns that they precede.


Pronouns
of Verb
Adverbs